Yes, alcohol can cause birth defects. This condition is known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and it is a result of alcohol exposure during the critical periods of fetal development [2][3]. FASD is a term that describes the range of effects that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy [2]. These effects can include physical, mental, behavioral, and/or learning disabilities with lifelong implications [2][3].

The severity of FASD depends on the timing, amount, and frequency of alcohol exposure during pregnancy [2]. There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant [1][2]. All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer [2].

FASD is preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol during pregnancy [2]. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant are strongly advised to refrain from drinking alcohol [1][2]. Healthcare providers should screen women for alcohol use and provide brief interventions or referral to treatment as appropriate [1].

In summary, alcohol can cause birth defects, and it is crucial to avoid alcohol consumption during pregnancy to prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Sources:
[1] <https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/alcohol-use.html>
[2] <https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders>
[3] <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/tradename/ALCOHOL>