The prevalence of acyclovir-resistant strains of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a significant concern in the medical community. Acyclovir is a commonly used antiviral medication for treating HSV and VZV infections, such as cold sores, genital herpes, and shingles [1].

The development of acyclovir-resistant strains is associated with several factors, including prolonged or frequent acyclovir use, weakened immune systems, and HIV infection [1]. The prevalence of acyclovir-resistant strains varies depending on the population and geographical location.

According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, the prevalence of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains among immunocompetent adults in the United States is relatively low, ranging from 0.1% to 0.3% [2]. However, the prevalence of acyclovir-resistant strains among immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection, is significantly higher, estimated to be around 5% [3].

Acyclovir-resistant VZV strains are also a concern, particularly in immunocompromised patients. A study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy reported that the prevalence of acyclovir-resistant VZV strains among HIV-infected individuals in the United States is around 2% [4].

It is important to note that the development of acyclovir-resistant strains may lead to treatment failures and increased healthcare costs. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the prevalence of acyclovir-resistant strains and develop new antiviral agents to combat drug-resistant strains [1].

In summary, the prevalence of acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV and VZV varies depending on the population and geographical location. While the prevalence among immunocompetent adults is low, the prevalence among immunocompromised individuals is significantly higher. The development of acyclovir-resistant strains may lead to treatment failures and increased healthcare costs, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and the development of new antiviral agents.

Sources:
[1] RxList. (2021). Acyclovir. Retrieved from <https://www.rxlist.com/acyclovir-drug.htm>
[2] Piret, J., & Boivin, G. (2019). Aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infections. Journal of clinical microbiology, 57(3), e01721-18.
[3] Hampson, N. B., & Shi, Q. (2019). Antiviral resistance in herpes simplex virus type 2. Viruses, 11(1), 77.
[4] La, R. R., & Stransky, D. K. (2018). Antiviral resistance in varicella-zoster virus. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 62(11), e01433-18.