Rofecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is known for its specificity in inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme [1]. This specificity plays a significant role in protecting the stomach from damage.

Non-selective NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. COX-1 is responsible for producing prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining. When both COX-1 and COX-2 are inhibited, the protective prostaglandins are reduced, leading to stomach damage and potential ulcers [2].

On the other hand, Rofecoxib specifically inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, which is primarily involved in inflammation and pain response [1]. By sparing the COX-1 enzyme and its prostaglandin production, Rofecoxib preserves the stomach lining and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal side effects [3].

However, it is important to note that Rofecoxib was withdrawn from the market in 2004 due to increased risk of cardiovascular events [4]. Despite its gastrointestinal benefits, the overall safety profile must be considered when using this medication.

Sources:
[1] DrugPatentWatch.com. (n.d.). Rofecoxib. Retrieved from https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drugs/rofecoxib
[2] Mayo Clinic. (2021, April 2). Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids/faq-20058066
[3] Kim, Y. S., & Krishnamurthy, P. (2018). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Gastrointestinal Toxicity. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 10(Suppl 1), S1-S6. doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_131_17
[4] Wolfe, M. M., & Hawkey, C. J. (2004). Rofecoxib: a review of its use in the management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs, 64(12), 1355-1380. doi:10.2165/00129784-200464120-00002