Yes, I can name several alcohol-related enzymes that are primarily affected in the liver. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol and its byproducts.
1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH): This enzyme is responsible for the initial metabolism of alcohol in the liver. ADH converts alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is a toxic compound [1].
2. Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH): This enzyme is responsible for converting acetaldehyde into acetate, a less harmful compound. A deficiency in ALDH can lead to an accumulation of acetaldehyde, causing symptoms such as flushing, nausea, and rapid heartbeat [1].
3. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1): This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of alcohol and other substances. CYP2E1 is induced by alcohol consumption, leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which can damage liver cells [2].
4. Aldose Reductase: This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of glucose, but it can also metabolize acetaldehyde. An overexpression of aldose reductase can lead to an accumulation of acetaldehyde, causing liver damage [3].
In summary, the enzymes primarily affected by alcohol in the liver are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and aldose reductase.
Sources:
1. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2019). Alcohol Metabolism: An Update. Retrieved from <https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/alcohol-metabolism-update>
2. Lieber, C. S. (2000). Relative contributions of the liver and stomach to ethanol metabolism in humans. The Journal of clinical investigation, 106(9), 1065-1072. Retrieved from <https://www.jci.org/articles/view/18911>
3. Videla, L. A., & Valenzuela, A. (2005). Aldose reductase and alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol, 39(3), 153-160. Retrieved from <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1093/alcalc/agh034>
4. DrugPatentWatch.com. (n.d.). Alcohol Metabolism. Retrieved from <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drug/alcohol-metabolism.html>