Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a widely used medication that belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is primarily used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever [1]. However, aspirin also has an antithrombotic effect, which means it helps prevent the formation of blood clots [2].

Blood clotting is a complex process that involves various factors and pathways. One of the critical steps in this process is the activation of platelets, which are small blood cells that play a crucial role in forming clots. When platelets are activated, they stick together and form a plug at the site of injury to prevent bleeding. However, this process can also occur inside blood vessels, leading to the formation of unwanted blood clots that can cause serious health problems, such as heart attacks and strokes [3].

Aspirin works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in inflammation and pain. Prostaglandins also help activate platelets and promote blood clotting [2]. By blocking the production of prostaglandins, aspirin reduces platelet activation and aggregation, which, in turn, helps prevent the formation of blood clots [3].

According to the Mayo Clinic, low-dose aspirin therapy (usually 81 mg per day) is often recommended for people who have an increased risk of developing blood clots, such as those with a history of heart attack, stroke, or certain types of surgery. However, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting aspirin therapy, as it can have side effects and interact with other medications [2].

In conclusion, aspirin affects blood clotting by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which reduces platelet activation and aggregation and helps prevent the formation of unwanted blood clots. Aspirin therapy is often recommended for people at risk of developing blood clots, but it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting it [1][2][3].

Sources:
[1] DrugPatentWatch. (n.d.). Aspirin - Tradename: ASPIRIN. Retrieved from https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/tradename/ASPIRIN
[2] Mayo Clinic. (2020, February 12). Daily aspirin therapy: Understand the benefits and risks. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/art-20046797
[3] Patrono, C., & Rocca, B. (2004). Aspirin: Promise and resistance in the new millennium. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(3), 363-366. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000117644.14309.2c. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852201/.