Advil is a brand name for ibuprofen, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation [1]. Pain is the body's response to injury or illness and is often caused by inflammation, which is a natural immune response to injury or infection. Inflammation is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain. NSAIDs like Advil work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that promote inflammation and pain [2].

Prostaglandins are produced by an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two types of COX enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is present in most tissues and helps maintain normal bodily functions, such as protecting the stomach lining and regulating blood flow to the kidneys. COX-2, on the other hand, is produced mainly in response to injury or inflammation and is responsible for the pain and swelling associated with inflammation [3].

NSAIDs like Advil work by inhibiting the production of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which reduces the production of prostaglandins. This, in turn, reduces inflammation and pain [2]. Advil is effective in treating a wide range of conditions, including headaches, menstrual cramps, dental pain, and arthritis [1].

It is important to note that NSAIDs like Advil can have side effects, especially if taken in large doses or for prolonged periods. Common side effects include stomach upset, heartburn, and nausea. More serious side effects can include gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney damage, and increased risk of heart attack or stroke [3].

In conclusion, Advil (ibuprofen) works by inhibiting the production of COX enzymes, which reduces the production of prostaglandins and thus reduces inflammation and pain. While it is an effective pain reliever, it is important to use NSAIDs like Advil with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional to avoid potential side effects [2][3].

Sources:
[1] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/tradename/ADVIL
[2] https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-Families/Health-Library/HealthDocNew/How-Do-Pain-Relievers-Work
[3] https://elemental.medium.com/how-does-ibuprofen-actually-work-eb296f179f43