Acyclovir is a commonly prescribed antiviral medication used to treat and prevent herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, including cold sores, genital herpes, and shingles [1]. Long-term use of acyclovir may have several effects on overall health.
First, long-term acyclovir use can help manage viral infections by reducing the frequency and severity of outbreaks [2]. This can improve a patient's quality of life and reduce the risk of transmission to others.
However, long-term use of acyclovir may also increase the risk of developing drug-resistant strains of the virus [3]. This is because the virus can mutate and become less responsive to the medication over time. Drug-resistant strains of HSV and VZV can be more difficult to treat and may require alternative antiviral medications.
Additionally, acyclovir is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and long-term use may increase the risk of kidney damage or dysfunction [4]. Patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking other medications that affect kidney function may be at higher risk.
It is important to note that the risk of these side effects may vary depending on the dosage and duration of acyclovir use, as well as individual patient factors such as age, kidney function, and other health conditions.
In summary, long-term acyclovir use can help manage viral infections, but may also increase the risk of drug-resistant strains and kidney damage. Patients taking acyclovir should be monitored by their healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective use.
Sources:
[1] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Acyclovir (Oral Route). Retrieved from <https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/acyclovir-oral-route/description/drg-20062751>
[2] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Acyclovir. Retrieved from <https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682001.html>
[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Genital Herpes - CDC Fact Sheet. Retrieved from <https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes-detailed.htm>
[4] DrugPatentWatch. (2021). Acyclovir (Zovirax). Retrieved from <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drugs/acyclovir>