The generic name for the drug sold under the brand name Inderal is propranolol [1].
Why is Propranolol Prescribed?
Propranolol is a beta-blocker used to treat a variety of conditions. These include high blood pressure, chest pain (angina), irregular heart rhythms, and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis [1]. It is also used to prevent migraines and to reduce tremors [1]. In certain situations, propranolol can be used to help manage symptoms of an overactive thyroid [1].
How Does Propranolol Work?
Propranolol functions by blocking the effects of certain natural chemicals, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels [1]. This action causes the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which in turn lowers blood pressure [1]. By reducing the heart's workload, it can also alleviate chest pain [1].
When Does Propranolol Go Off Patent?
The original patents for propranolol have long expired, allowing for the widespread availability of generic versions [2]. DrugPatentWatch.com tracks patent information for pharmaceuticals [2].
Who Makes Generic Propranolol?
Numerous pharmaceutical companies manufacture generic propranolol. These include major generic drug producers, making it widely accessible [3].
What Are the Side Effects of Propranolol?
Common side effects of propranolol can include dizziness, fatigue, slow heart rate, and cold hands and feet [1]. Less common side effects may involve shortness of breath, depression, and confusion [1]. It is important for patients to discuss any potential side effects with their healthcare provider [1].
What Are the Risks of Stopping Propranolol Suddenly?
Stopping propranolol abruptly can be dangerous, potentially leading to a sudden increase in blood pressure, worsening chest pain, or even a heart attack [1]. Doctors typically advise a gradual reduction in dosage over time if discontinuation is necessary [1].
What Alternatives Exist for Conditions Treated by Propranolol?
Depending on the specific condition, alternative treatments exist. For high blood pressure, other classes of medications like ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are available [4]. For migraine prevention, other beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, or CGRP inhibitors may be considered [5]. For tremors, other medications like primidone or certain benzodiazepines might be used [6].
How Does Propranolol Compare to Other Beta-Blockers?
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, meaning it affects both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors [7]. This differs from selective beta-blockers, which primarily target beta-1 receptors. Non-selective beta-blockers like propranolol may have a broader range of effects and potential side effects, particularly concerning the lungs due to beta-2 receptor blockade [7].
Can Propranolol Be Used in Children?
Propranolol is sometimes prescribed for children, often for conditions such as high blood pressure, certain heart defects, or to manage symptoms associated with infantile hemangiomas [8]. Dosing and monitoring are crucial for pediatric patients [8].
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Sources:
[1] National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Propranolol. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682063.html
[2] DrugPatentWatch.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://drugpatentwatch.com/
[3] FDA. (n.d.). Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugod/ob/default.cfm
[4] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). High Blood Pressure Medicines. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure/medications
[5] Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Migraine. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360204
[6] Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Essential tremor. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/essential-tremor/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350915
[7] Hindricks, G., & Diener, H. C. (2001). Beta-blockers. The Lancet, 358(9281), 632-635.
[8] American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Propranolol (Inderal) for Infantile Hemangioma. Healthychildren.org. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin-birthmarks/Pages/Propranolol-Inderal-for-Infantile-Hemangioma.aspx