Valsartan is a single-ingredient medication, while Entresto is a combination drug containing valsartan and sacubitril [1]. Both are prescribed to treat heart failure [1][2].
What is Entresto and How Does it Work?
Entresto combines valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), with sacubitril, a neprilysin inhibitor [1]. This dual action helps relax blood vessels, reduce sodium and water retention, and decrease the workload on the heart [1][3]. It is approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [1].
How Does Valsartan Work?
Valsartan is an ARB that blocks the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure [4]. By blocking this action, valsartan helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the strain on the heart [4]. It is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure [4].
When Might a Doctor Prescribe Valsartan Instead of Entresto?
A doctor might prescribe valsartan as a standalone treatment for high blood pressure or heart failure, particularly if a patient does not have the specific type of heart failure for which Entresto is indicated, or if they cannot tolerate sacubitril [4]. It may also be prescribed as part of a treatment regimen where a combination therapy is not yet considered necessary or if Entresto is contraindicated [4].
What Are the Key Differences in How They Treat Heart Failure?
Entresto targets two distinct pathways involved in heart failure: the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) via valsartan and the natriuretic peptide system via sacubitril [1][3]. This dual mechanism is believed to offer a more comprehensive approach to managing heart failure compared to ARBs alone [3]. Valsartan, as a single agent, primarily acts on the RAAS [4].
What are the Potential Side Effects of Each Drug?
Common side effects for valsartan include dizziness, fatigue, and kidney problems [4]. Entresto shares some potential side effects with valsartan, such as dizziness and kidney issues, but also carries a risk of angioedema, a serious swelling reaction, particularly in patients with a history of angioedema related to ARBs [1][3]. Patients taking Entresto should not take an ACE inhibitor concurrently due to the increased risk of angioedema [1].
Can You Switch Between Valsartan and Entresto?
Switching between these medications requires a doctor's guidance [1][4]. If a patient is switched from an ACE inhibitor to Entresto, they must have a washout period of at least 36 hours before starting Entresto to avoid angioedema [1]. Similarly, if switching from Entresto to an ACE inhibitor, a similar washout period is advised [1].
What is the Patent Situation for These Drugs?
Information on specific patent expirations for branded valsartan products and Entresto can be found through patent tracking resources. DrugPatentWatch.com provides detailed patent information, including expiration dates and litigation status for various pharmaceuticals [5]. Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) has faced patent challenges aimed at extending market exclusivity [6].