Naltrexone is used to treat opioid and alcohol dependence [1].
How does naltrexone work for addiction?
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist. It works by blocking the effects of opioid drugs, such as heroin and prescription painkillers, as well as alcohol [1]. When a person takes naltrexone, it attaches to opioid receptors in the brain, preventing other opioids from binding and producing their desired effects, such as euphoria. This reduces cravings and the rewarding feeling associated with substance use, making it harder to relapse [1].
What forms of naltrexone are available?
Naltrexone is available in several forms. It can be taken as an oral tablet, typically once a day [1]. There is also an injectable extended-release formulation that is administered by a healthcare professional every four weeks [1].
How long does naltrexone treatment typically last?
The duration of naltrexone treatment varies depending on the individual's needs and response to the medication. Treatment plans are often developed in conjunction with a healthcare provider and may involve ongoing therapy and support [1].
What are the side effects of naltrexone?
Common side effects of naltrexone include nausea, headache, dizziness, and sleep disturbances [1]. Some individuals may also experience injection site pain with the extended-release formulation. It is important for patients to discuss any side effects with their doctor [1].
Are there any risks associated with naltrexone?
A significant risk associated with naltrexone is precipitated withdrawal, which can occur if a person takes naltrexone too soon after using opioids. This can lead to severe flu-like symptoms [1]. Naltrexone can also affect liver function, so individuals with liver problems should use it cautiously [1]. Additionally, because naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids, it can make individuals more sensitive to opioids if they attempt to use them while on naltrexone, increasing the risk of overdose if the medication is no longer effective or is stopped [1].
What is the patent status of naltrexone?
Naltrexone is a well-established medication, and its original patents have long since expired. This means that generic versions of naltrexone are widely available [2].
Who makes naltrexone products?
Multiple pharmaceutical companies manufacture generic naltrexone products. Some of the companies that have produced or currently produce naltrexone formulations include Teva Pharmaceuticals, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and ANI Pharmaceuticals, among others [3].
How does naltrexone compare to other addiction treatments?
Naltrexone is one of several medications used in addiction treatment. Other medications include buprenorphine and methadone, which are partial agonists or full agonists that can help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings by activating opioid receptors, albeit with a lower potential for misuse compared to full agonists like heroin. Naltrexone, as an antagonist, works differently by blocking these receptors [1]. The choice of medication depends on the specific substance, the individual's medical history, and treatment goals [1].
Sources:
[1] National Institute on Drug Abuse
[2] DrugPatentWatch.com
[3] RxList