FD&C Yellow No. 5, also known as tartrazine, is a synthetic yellow azo dye that is approved for use as a color additive in food, drugs, and cosmetics [1]. It is one of the most widely used synthetic food colorants [2].
What is FD&C Yellow No. 5 Used For?
FD&C Yellow No. 5 is used to impart a yellow color to a variety of products. In food, it can be found in beverages, baked goods, candies, cereals, dairy products, and more [3]. In pharmaceuticals, it is used to color tablets and capsules [4]. It is also present in some cosmetics, such as makeup and hair dyes [5].
Why Are Some People Concerned About FD&C Yellow No. 5?
Concerns about FD&C Yellow No. 5 primarily stem from its association with adverse reactions in sensitive individuals. The most frequently reported issue is allergic-type reactions, including hives, itching, and asthma symptoms [6]. Some studies have suggested a link between tartrazine consumption and hyperactivity in children, although this remains a subject of ongoing research and debate [7][8].
Are There Any Regulations Regarding FD&C Yellow No. 5?
In the United States, FD&C Yellow No. 5 is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its use is permitted within specified limits to ensure consumer safety [1]. Products containing FD&C Yellow No. 5 are required to list it in the ingredient declaration on their labels, which allows consumers to identify and avoid it if they have sensitivities [6]. Other countries have their own regulatory bodies and labeling requirements for this color additive.
What Are the Alternatives to FD&C Yellow No. 5?
For manufacturers seeking alternatives to FD&C Yellow No. 5, several options exist. These include other synthetic colorants or natural colorants. Natural alternatives that can provide yellow hues include annatto, turmeric, and beta-carotene [9]. The choice of alternative often depends on the specific application, desired color shade, stability, and cost.