What's the final enzyme in alcohol metabolism?

Why Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is Key in Alcohol Metabolism

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the final enzyme in alcohol metabolism, responsible for the last step in converting acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol breakdown, into acetic acid [1].

Understanding the Metabolic Pathway

Alcohol metabolism occurs in two main phases, involving multiple enzymes. The first phase, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, converts ethanol into acetaldehyde. The second phase, where ALDH2 plays a critical role, converts acetaldehyde into acetic acid, which is then further metabolized into carbon dioxide and water.

Importance of ALDH2 in Human Health

Individuals with a deficiency in ALDH2, known as ALDH2 deficiency, are more susceptible to liver damage and facial flushing after consuming alcohol. This is due to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, a potent carcinogen. Studies suggest that impaired ALDH2 activity may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and certain types of cancer [2].

Genetic Variation and ALDH2

A genetic variation in the ALDH2 gene, resulting in a glutamate-to-lysine substitution at position 504, impairs the enzyme's activity and is prevalent among East Asian populations. This variation leads to reduced ALDH2 enzyme activity, contributing to the increased risk of adverse effects associated with alcohol consumption.

References

[1] http://drugpatentreview.com/drug-profile/aldehydes

[2] http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28974023/