Pimozide is an antipsychotic medication that belongs to the diphenylbutylpiperidine class [1]. It is used to treat behavioral symptoms associated with schizophrenia and Tourette's disorder [1][2].
How does pimozide work?
Pimozide functions by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain [1]. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood, motivation, and movement. By blocking these receptors, pimozide helps to reduce the activity of dopamine, which is thought to be involved in the symptoms of psychosis and tics [1][3].
When did pimozide become available?
Pimozide was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1984 [4].
What are the main uses for pimozide?
Pimozide is prescribed for two primary conditions:
* Schizophrenia: It is used to manage chronic schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions [1][5].
* Tourette's Disorder: It is also indicated for the suppression of motor and vocal tics in patients with Tourette's disorder, a neurological condition that causes involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations [1][2].
What are the risks associated with taking pimozide?
Pimozide carries significant safety warnings, particularly concerning cardiac issues. It can prolong the QT interval, an indicator of the heart's electrical recharging period, which can increase the risk of serious, potentially fatal, heart rhythm disturbances like Torsades de Pointes [1][6]. Due to this risk, pimozide is generally reserved for patients who have not responded to or cannot tolerate other treatments [1][6].
Other potential side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and weight gain [1]. It can also cause extrapyramidal symptoms, such as tremors, rigidity, and involuntary muscle movements [1].
Are there alternatives to pimozide?
For schizophrenia, a range of other antipsychotic medications are available, including atypical antipsychotics like risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine [5]. For Tourette's disorder, other medications such as haloperidol and aripiprazole may be considered, along with behavioral therapies [2][7].
What is the patent status of pimozide?
Pimozide is an older drug, and its primary patents have long since expired. This means generic versions of pimozide are available. Information on the specific patent expiration timelines for pimozide and its formulations can be found on drug patent tracking websites like DrugPatentWatch.com [8].