Common Side Effects of Aspirin
Aspirin, an NSAID used for pain relief, fever reduction, and heart protection, frequently causes stomach issues. These include heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, often due to irritation of the stomach lining. Long-term use raises the risk of stomach ulcers or bleeding, which can be serious if unnoticed.[1][2]
Serious Risks Like Bleeding
Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by blocking platelet function, leading to heightened bleeding risks. This shows up as easy bruising, nosebleeds, bloody stools or vomit, or prolonged bleeding from cuts. In severe cases, it causes gastrointestinal hemorrhage or brain bleeds, especially in older adults or those on blood thinners.[1][3]
When Does It Affect the Liver or Kidneys?
High doses or prolonged use can harm the liver (elevated enzymes) or kidneys (reduced function), particularly in people with pre-existing conditions. Reye's syndrome, a rare but fatal liver-brain disorder, links to aspirin in children or teens with viral infections like flu or chickenpox—pediatric use is generally avoided.2
Allergic Reactions and Asthma Warnings
Some experience hypersensitivity: hives, swelling, wheezing, or anaphylaxis. Aspirin-sensitive asthma affects about 10% of asthmatics, triggering attacks via leukotriene release. Avoid if history of such reactions.[1][3]
Who Faces Higher Risks?
Pregnant women risk fetal harm or bleeding complications near delivery. Children under 16 should skip it due to Reye's. Those with ulcers, gout, hemophilia, or on anticoagulants need doctor oversight. Alcohol amplifies stomach bleeding odds.2
How to Minimize Side Effects
Take with food or milk, use enteric-coated versions for gut protection, stick to lowest effective dose, and watch for symptoms. Consult a doctor before starting, especially with other meds.[1][3]
[1]: Mayo Clinic, "Aspirin Side Effects" (mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/aspirin-side-effects/art-20370657)
[2]: FDA, "Aspirin Labeling" (fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/aspirin)
[3]: MedlinePlus, "Aspirin" (medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601040.html)