Hydroxyzine is a medication used to treat several conditions, primarily related to anxiety and allergic reactions.
What is hydroxyzine prescribed for?
Hydroxyzine is prescribed for the management of pruritus (itching) due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria (hives) and atopic dermatitis [1][2]. It is also used for the symptomatic relief of anxiety associated with conditions including nervousness, tension, and psychiatric disorders [2][3]. Furthermore, it can be used preoperatively to reduce anxiety and to control nausea and vomiting [2].
How does hydroxyzine work?
Hydroxyzine belongs to a class of drugs known as antihistamines. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms [1]. By blocking histamine, it reduces itching and other allergic reactions. Its mechanism for reducing anxiety is not fully understood but is thought to involve its effects on the central nervous system, including blocking serotonin and dopamine receptors [3].
When was hydroxyzine approved by the FDA?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved hydroxyzine for medical use in 1956 [4].
What are the side effects of hydroxyzine?
Common side effects of hydroxyzine include drowsiness, dry mouth, and blurred vision [2][5]. Less common side effects can include dizziness, headache, and constipation [5]. It is important to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery after taking hydroxyzine due to its sedative effects [2].
Are there alternatives to hydroxyzine for anxiety?
For anxiety, alternatives to hydroxyzine include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and benzodiazepines, though benzodiazepines are typically used for short-term relief due to potential for dependence [3]. For itching, other antihistamines and topical treatments are available [1].
What is the difference between hydroxyzine pamoate and hydroxyzine hydrochloride?
Hydroxyzine is available in two salt forms: hydroxyzine pamoate and hydroxyzine hydrochloride. The pamoate salt is generally formulated for longer-acting effects, often used for chronic conditions like itching, while the hydrochloride salt is more commonly used for acute relief of anxiety and nausea [6].
What are the risks of taking hydroxyzine?
A significant risk associated with hydroxyzine is its potential to prolong the QT interval in the heart, which can lead to serious irregular heart rhythms like Torsades de Pointes [7]. This risk is higher in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or those taking other medications that affect the QT interval [7]. Hydroxyzine can also cause significant drowsiness and impairment of motor skills [2].
Can hydroxyzine be used in children?
Hydroxyzine is sometimes prescribed for children for allergic reactions and itching. However, its use in pediatric populations requires careful dosing and consideration of potential side effects, particularly sedation [5].
How long does hydroxyzine stay in your system?
The half-life of hydroxyzine can vary, but it is generally around 20 hours [6]. This means it can take several days for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body.
What drugs should not be taken with hydroxyzine?
Certain medications should be avoided when taking hydroxyzine, particularly those that also prolong the QT interval, such as certain antiarrhythmics, antibiotics, and antipsychotics [7]. Alcohol should also be avoided as it can increase the sedative effects of hydroxyzine [2].
Sources:
[1] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drug-classes/h1-antihistamines
[2] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drugs/hydroxyzine-pamoate
[3] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drugs/hydroxyzine-hydrochloride
[4] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drugs/hydroxyzine
[5] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/side-effects/hydroxyzine
[6] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/pharmacokinetics/hydroxyzine
[7] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/warnings/QT-prolongation