Benzonatate is a non-narcotic cough suppressant that works by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the lungs and pleura, which are involved in the cough reflex [1]. By reducing the activity of these receptors, benzonatate decreases the urge to cough [2].
How long does it take for benzonatate to work?
Benzonatate typically begins to work within 15 to 20 minutes of administration and its effects can last for about 3 to 8 hours [3].
What are the potential side effects of benzonatate?
Common side effects of benzonatate can include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, constipation, and rash [4]. Rare but serious side effects, such as allergic reactions or central nervous system depression, have also been reported [4]. It is crucial to avoid chewing or crushing benzonatate capsules, as this can cause temporary numbness in the mouth and throat, potentially leading to choking [5].
How does benzonatate differ from other cough medicines?
Unlike opioid cough suppressants such as codeine or hydrocodone, benzonatate is not a narcotic and does not carry the risk of respiratory depression or addiction associated with opioids [2]. It acts peripherally on the respiratory tract, rather than centrally on the brain's cough center [1].
When might benzonatate be prescribed?
Benzonatate is generally prescribed to treat symptomatic relief of coughs associated with conditions like bronchitis, pneumonia, or emphysema [3]. It is intended for short-term use to alleviate bothersome coughing [3].
Are there any specific precautions for using benzonatate?
Patients should swallow benzonatate capsules whole and not chew or break them [5]. It should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions, and pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a healthcare provider before use [4].