Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is available in various formulations, including topical ointments, creams, oral tablets, capsules, and intravenous injections [1].
What is Acyclovir Ointment Used For?
Acyclovir ointment is primarily prescribed for the topical treatment of initial genital herpes and herpes labialis (cold sores) [2]. It works by inhibiting the replication of herpes viruses [3]. The ointment is applied directly to the affected skin areas.
How Does Acyclovir Ointment Work?
Acyclovir is a synthetic nucleoside analog of guanosine. Once inside the body, it is phosphorylated to acyclovir monophosphate by viral thymidine kinase, and further converted to acyclovir triphosphate by cellular kinases. Acyclovir triphosphate acts as a substrate and inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase, thus terminating viral DNA replication [3].
When Does Acyclovir Ointment Become Available?
Acyclovir was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982 [4]. The development and availability of topical formulations like ointments followed this approval.
What Are the Side Effects of Acyclovir Ointment?
When applied topically, acyclovir ointment generally has a good safety profile. Localized side effects can include mild burning, stinging, or itching at the application site [2]. Systemic side effects are rare with topical use, as the absorption into the bloodstream is minimal [3].
Can Other Topical Treatments Be Used for Herpes?
Other topical treatments for herpes infections may include antiviral creams containing penciclovir or docosanol. Over-the-counter options like docosanol aim to shorten the healing time of cold sores [5].
Who Manufactures Acyclovir Ointment?
Acyclovir is available as a generic medication, meaning multiple pharmaceutical companies manufacture it. Brand names for topical acyclovir include Zovirax, although generic versions are widely available [6]. Information on specific manufacturers can be found through pharmaceutical databases.