What is nivolumab (anti–PD-1) and what does it do?
Nivolumab is a cancer immunotherapy drug that targets PD-1 (programmed death-1), an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells. By blocking PD-1, nivolumab helps restore or enhance T-cell activity against tumor cells. [1]
Which cancers is nivolumab used for?
Nivolumab is used for multiple cancer types, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and urothelial carcinoma, among others. [1]
How is nivolumab given?
Nivolumab is typically given by intravenous (IV) infusion in clinical settings. The dosing schedule depends on the cancer type and regimen used in treatment guidelines and prescribing information. [1]
What are common side effects people ask about?
Because nivolumab boosts immune activity, its side effects can include immune-related reactions that may affect organs such as the lungs, intestines, liver, skin, endocrine glands (hormones), or other systems. Commonly reported side effects can include fatigue, rash, itching, nausea, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and shortness of breath, though severity varies by patient. [1]
What serious risks come with anti–PD-1 therapy?
Serious immune-related adverse events can occur, sometimes requiring urgent treatment with corticosteroids and treatment interruption or discontinuation. These can include pneumonitis (lung inflammation), colitis/diarrhea, hepatitis (liver inflammation), endocrinopathies (such as thyroiditis or adrenal problems), and others. [1]
How does nivolumab compare with pembrolizumab (both are anti–PD-1)?
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab both block PD-1, so they share a similar mechanism and a similar general safety profile (including immune-related side effects). Differences between them come down to which cancers and specific regimens they are approved for, dosing schedules, and how clinicians select between them for a given patient. [1]
Who makes nivolumab and what is its key trade name?
Nivolumab is marketed under the brand name Opdivo. [1]
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Sources
[1] https://www.drugs.com/monograph/nivolumab-injection.html