Azathioprine sodium is a medication used as an immunosuppressive agent. It is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis. This drug is utilized in the prevention of rejection of kidney transplants and is also prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease [1].
How does azathioprine sodium work?
Azathioprine sodium is converted in the body to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). 6-MP is then further metabolized into thioguanine nucleotides, which are incorporated into DNA and RNA. This incorporation disrupts nucleic acid synthesis and function, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, including lymphocytes, which are critical components of the immune system [1]. By suppressing the immune system, azathioprine sodium can help prevent organ rejection after transplantation and reduce inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases.
What conditions can azathioprine sodium treat?
Azathioprine sodium is primarily used to manage conditions where the immune system is overactive or attacking the body's own tissues. These include:
* Organ Transplantation: It is used to prevent the body from rejecting a transplanted kidney [1].
* Rheumatoid Arthritis: In certain cases, it helps to reduce inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis [1].
* Crohn's Disease: Azathioprine sodium can be prescribed to help achieve and maintain remission in Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease [1].
What are the risks associated with azathioprine sodium?
Like many immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine sodium carries potential risks. It can increase susceptibility to infections due to its effect on the immune system. There is also a risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly skin cancer and lymphoma, with long-term use [1]. Other side effects may include nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression (leading to low blood cell counts), liver problems, and pancreatitis.
Can azathioprine sodium be used during pregnancy?
The use of azathioprine sodium during pregnancy requires careful consideration. While it has been used in some pregnant women with severe autoimmune diseases or to prevent transplant rejection, it can cross the placenta and potentially affect the developing fetus. Decisions regarding its use in pregnancy are made on a case-by-case basis, weighing the potential benefits against the risks [1].
What is the difference between azathioprine and azathioprine sodium?
Azathioprine is a prodrug that is converted in the body to its active metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Azathioprine sodium is the sodium salt form of azathioprine. Both essentially function similarly in the body, as the conversion to 6-MP is the critical step for their therapeutic effect [1]. The term azathioprine is often used generally to refer to this class of medication.
Sources:
[1] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/