Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. manufactures armodafinil under various brand names. One such product is Nuvigil, which is the brand name for armodafinil in the United States.
What is armodafinil used for?
Armodafinil is prescribed to improve wakefulness in adults with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work sleep disorder [1]. It is a wakefulness-promoting agent.
When did armodafinil become available?
Armodafinil was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2007 [1].
Who manufactures armodafinil?
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. is a major manufacturer of armodafinil. Its subsidiary, Sun Pharma Global FZE, received approval for an armodafinil product in the U.S. [2]. The original branded product, Nuvigil, was developed by Cephalon, which was later acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries [3]. However, Sun Pharma is a significant producer of generic versions of armodafinil.
What is the difference between armodafinil and modafinil?
Armodafinil is the R-enantiomer of modafinil. This means it is a specific mirror-image form of the modafinil molecule. While both drugs are used to promote wakefulness, armodafinil is considered to have a longer duration of action because it is eliminated more slowly from the body than the S-enantiomer present in modafinil [4].
How does armodafinil work?
The exact mechanism of action for armodafinil is not fully understood. However, it is believed to affect the dopaminergic system in the brain. Studies suggest armodafinil may increase dopamine levels in certain brain areas by inhibiting dopamine transporters, which leads to wakefulness [5].
What are the potential side effects of armodafinil?
Common side effects of armodafinil can include headache, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia [1]. Less common but more serious side effects may also occur.
Are there any patents for armodafinil?
Original patents for armodafinil have expired or are nearing expiration, paving the way for generic competition. Information on specific patent statuses and expiration dates can be found on patent tracking resources [6].
What are the risks associated with armodafinil?
Armodafinil carries risks such as potential for abuse and dependence, although this is considered lower than with traditional stimulants. It can also cause serious skin reactions, psychiatric symptoms, and cardiovascular issues in some individuals. Patients should discuss all potential risks with their healthcare provider [1].