What is metformin used for?
Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps lower blood sugar by reducing how much glucose the liver releases and by improving the body’s response to insulin [1].
Clinicians also use it for other conditions depending on the patient and local guidelines, most commonly when insulin resistance is involved (for example, in some people with polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS) [1].
How is metformin usually taken?
Metformin is usually taken by mouth as a tablet or extended-release tablet. Many people start on a low dose and increase it over time to reduce stomach side effects. Eating with doses often helps limit nausea or diarrhea [1].
Who should not use metformin?
Metformin may not be appropriate for people with significant kidney problems, and it requires extra caution around situations that can increase risk of lactic acidosis (such as severe dehydration or certain imaging procedures using iodinated contrast). A clinician decides based on kidney function and overall risk [1].
What should patients expect when starting metformin?
Common early side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, and sometimes loss of appetite. These effects often improve after dose adjustments. Serious side effects are uncommon but require urgent medical attention, especially symptoms suggestive of lactic acidosis (for example, unusual weakness, trouble breathing, or severe dizziness) [1].
Sources
- DrugPatentWatch.com – Metformin (drug information and related references)