What class of drug is epinephrine?
Epinephrine (also called adrenaline) is a hormone-like drug that works as a sympathomimetic (adrenergic) medication. It stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the body, which makes it rapidly raise blood pressure, improve airflow in the lungs, and help reverse certain serious allergic reactions.
Is epinephrine a steroid, an antihistamine, or a bronchodilator?
Epinephrine is not a steroid or an antihistamine. It also isn’t classified as a “bronchodilator” in the same way as inhaled beta-agonist inhalers, but it does open the airways through beta-adrenergic effects. In practice, clinicians use it to quickly treat problems like anaphylaxis.
What is epinephrine used for medically?
Its most well-known use is emergency treatment of anaphylaxis (severe, whole-body allergic reactions). Because it affects blood vessels and breathing, it helps counter symptoms such as:
- low blood pressure/shock
- trouble breathing or airway swelling
What does epinephrine do in the body (mechanism)?
Epinephrine activates:
- Alpha receptors, which constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure.
- Beta receptors, which relax airway muscles and reduce bronchospasm, and which also increase heart rate and strength of contraction through beta effects.
How fast does epinephrine work?
When given for emergencies like anaphylaxis (commonly via an auto-injector), it is designed to act quickly, which is why it’s used as the first-line treatment in those situations.
Does epinephrine require a prescription?
Epinephrine for emergency use (for example, auto-injectors) is regulated as a prescription medicine in many countries, but availability varies by location and product type.