Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria [1]. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections [2].
How does oxytetracycline hydrochloride work in the body?
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride works by entering bacterial cells and binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This binding interferes with the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the messenger RNA-ribosome complex, thereby halting the elongation of the polypeptide chain and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis [1].
What infections is oxytetracycline hydrochloride prescribed for?
This antibiotic is prescribed for infections caused by susceptible bacteria. These can include infections of the respiratory tract, such as pneumonia and bronchitis; urinary tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections; and certain sexually transmitted infections [2]. It is also used in veterinary medicine for various infections in animals.
When does patent exclusivity expire for oxytetracycline hydrochloride?
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is a well-established antibiotic with a long history of use. Its original patents have long expired, meaning it is available as a generic medication [3]. Information on specific patent expirations for older drugs like this is available on platforms such as DrugPatentWatch.com [4].
Who manufactures oxytetracycline hydrochloride today?
As a generic drug, oxytetracycline hydrochloride is manufactured by numerous pharmaceutical companies worldwide. These include both large, multinational corporations and smaller generic drug producers [5].
Are there alternatives to oxytetracycline hydrochloride?
Yes, there are several alternative antibiotics available, depending on the specific infection and the susceptibility of the bacteria. Other tetracycline antibiotics, such as doxycycline and minocycline, are often used. In cases of bacterial resistance or specific infection types, other classes of antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, or macrolides may be prescribed [6].
What are the common side effects of oxytetracycline hydrochloride?
Common side effects can include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Photosensitivity, leading to increased risk of sunburn, is also a potential side effect. Other possible adverse effects include dizziness, headache, and allergic reactions [7].
What are the risks associated with taking oxytetracycline hydrochloride?
Long-term use or use in certain populations can present risks. These include the potential for tooth discoloration and impaired bone growth in children under eight years old. Superinfections, caused by the overgrowth of resistant bacteria or fungi, can also occur. Patients with kidney or liver impairment should use it with caution [8].
How is oxytetracycline hydrochloride priced?
Because it is a generic medication, oxytetracycline hydrochloride is generally affordable. The price can vary depending on the manufacturer, dosage form (e.g., capsules, injections), and the pharmacy where it is purchased [5].
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Sources:
[1] https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00431
[2] https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a687041.html
[3] https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfdadocs/label/2005/050723Oxytetracycline_lbl.pdf
[4] https://drugpatentwatch.com/
[5] https://www.goodrx.com/oxytetracycline
[6] https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/which-antibiotic.html
[7] https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/oxytetracycline/
[8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548516/