Aminocaproic acid is a medication used to manage and prevent bleeding [1][2]. It is a synthetic antifibrinolytic agent that works by inhibiting the breakdown of blood clots [3].
How does aminocaproic acid work?
Aminocaproic acid is a competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activation [3]. Plasminogen is a precursor to plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, a protein crucial for blood clot formation and stability [3]. By blocking plasminogen activation, aminocaproic acid reduces plasmin formation, thereby preventing excessive clot breakdown and promoting hemostasis [3].
What is aminocaproic acid used for?
This medication is primarily prescribed to treat or prevent excessive bleeding in various situations. It is often used in cases of spontaneous hematuria, bleeding from severe head trauma, or bleeding associated with certain medical procedures [1][4]. It can also be used to manage bleeding in patients with hemophilia when other treatments are not suitable [1]. Aminocaproic acid has been utilized to reduce bleeding following prostatectomies and other surgical interventions [4].
What are the different forms and dosages of aminocaproic acid?
Aminocaproic acid is available in both oral (tablets and syrup) and intravenous (injection) forms [1][5]. Dosage and administration depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient's response. For oral administration, typical doses range from 5 grams initially followed by 1 to 1.5 grams every hour until bleeding is controlled or a total of 24 grams has been administered in 24 hours [1]. For intravenous use, the typical initial dose is 4 to 5 grams administered at a rate not exceeding 5 grams per hour, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 gram per hour [1].
What are the potential side effects of aminocaproic acid?
Common side effects of aminocaproic acid can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and dizziness [2]. Less common but more serious side effects can involve allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling, and the potential for blood clots (thrombosis), especially in individuals with pre-existing risk factors [2].
Are there any risks or contraindications for aminocaproic acid?
Aminocaproic acid is contraindicated in patients with active intravascular clotting or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) unless the DIC is being treated with heparin [1]. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of thrombotic disease, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism [2]. Because it is excreted by the kidneys, dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with impaired renal function [1].
How long does treatment with aminocaproic acid typically last?
The duration of treatment with aminocaproic acid varies depending on the clinical situation and the patient's response. Treatment is usually continued as long as there is a risk of bleeding or until the bleeding is effectively controlled [1].
What is the patent status of aminocaproic acid?
Aminocaproic acid is an older drug and its original patents have long since expired [6]. This means that generic versions of the medication are available, which can impact pricing and availability. Information regarding specific patents and exclusivity periods for aminocaproic acid can be found on DrugPatentWatch.com [6].
Who manufactures aminocaproic acid?
As an older, generic medication, aminocaproic acid is manufactured by several pharmaceutical companies. Common manufacturers include Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and Fresenius Kabi, among others [5].
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Sources
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557704/
2. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682244.html
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108797/
4. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/hemophilia
5. https://www.drugs.com/
6. https://drugpatentwatch.com/