Ivermectin structure?

The chemical structure of ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone. It is derived from the avermectins, a series of 16-membered macrocyclic lactones produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis [1]. Ivermectin itself is a semi-synthetic derivative of avermectin B1 [2].

What are avermectins and where do they come from?

Avermectins are a class of antiparasitic drugs that are potent against a range of helminth and arthropod parasites [2]. They are produced by the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis [1]. The avermectin family includes several related compounds, with avermectin B1 being a prominent example [2].

How is ivermectin made from avermectin B1?

Ivermectin is a mixture of two homologues, 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a and 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1b [2]. It is produced by chemical modification of avermectin B1, specifically through the saturation of the double bond at the 22,23 position [2]. This semi-synthetic process yields the active pharmaceutical ingredient used in various formulations.

What is the chemical formula and molecular weight of ivermectin?

The chemical formula for ivermectin is C48H74O14. Its molecular weight is approximately 875.09 g/mol [3]. This complex structure is characteristic of macrocyclic lactones.