What is Azathioprine?
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication used to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients and to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis [1]. It works by decreasing the body's immune response [1].
When Will Generic Azathioprine Be Available?
Azathioprine has been available as a generic medication for many years [2]. Brand-name versions of azathioprine include Imuran [1].
Are There Different Forms of Azathioprine?
Azathioprine is typically available in oral tablet form [1].
What is the Price of Generic Azathioprine?
The cost of generic azathioprine can vary depending on the pharmacy and insurance coverage. Online pharmacies and prescription discount programs may offer lower prices [3]. For example, GoodRx shows prices for generic azathioprine tablets ranging from approximately $4 to over $10 for a 30-day supply, depending on the dosage and retailer [4].
What Are the Risks and Side Effects of Azathioprine?
Common side effects of azathioprine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased appetite [1]. More serious risks involve a weakened immune system, increasing the risk of infections and certain cancers, particularly skin cancer and lymphoma [1][5]. It can also affect bone marrow, leading to low white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, and platelet counts [1]. Liver problems and pancreatitis are also potential serious side effects [1].
What Should Patients Know About Azathioprine?
Patients taking azathioprine should be monitored regularly by their doctor for side effects and blood counts [1]. It is important to report any signs of infection, such as fever or sore throat, to a healthcare provider immediately [1]. Sun protection is also recommended, as azathioprine can increase sensitivity to sunlight and the risk of skin cancer [1]. Patients should not become pregnant or breastfeed while taking azathioprine [1].
How Does Azathioprine Work?
Azathioprine is a prodrug that is metabolized in the body to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) [6]. 6-MP is then further metabolized into several active compounds that interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, including immune cells [6]. This suppression of immune cell proliferation helps to reduce the immune response [6].
What Are the Alternatives to Azathioprine?
Treatment options for autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection vary and may include other immunosuppressant medications such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or cyclosporine [7]. The choice of treatment depends on the specific condition, patient factors, and physician's recommendation [7].
Can Azathioprine Be Used During Pregnancy?
Azathioprine is generally not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. However, in some cases, the benefits may outweigh the risks under strict medical supervision [1].
What Drug Interactions Does Azathioprine Have?
Azathioprine can interact with several medications. For example, allopurinol can significantly increase azathioprine levels, requiring a dose reduction of azathioprine [1]. Warfarin, an anticoagulant, may have its effect reduced by azathioprine [1].
Sources:
[1] National Institutes of Health: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601064.html
[2] DrugPatentWatch.com: https://drugpatentwatch.com/
[3] GoodRx: https://www.goodrx.com/azathioprine
[4] GoodRx: https://www.goodrx.com/azathioprine/cost
[5] National Cancer Institute: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/compendium-of-cancer-drug-knowledge/azathioprine
[6] PubChem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Azathioprine
[7] Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353651