What is Clonidine?
Clonidine is a medication used to treat high blood pressure [1]. It functions as a centrally acting alpha-agonist, meaning it works in the brain to reduce sympathetic nervous system outflow, leading to lower blood pressure [2].
What are the active and inactive ingredients in Clonidine?
The active ingredient in clonidine is clonidine hydrochloride [3]. Inactive ingredients can vary depending on the formulation (tablet or patch) and the manufacturer. Common inactive ingredients in clonidine tablets include lactose, corn starch, povidone, and magnesium stearate [3]. Transdermal patches for clonidine may contain ingredients like acrylic polymer, polyisobutylene, and silicone adhesives [4].
How does Clonidine work to lower blood pressure?
Clonidine stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brainstem [2]. This stimulation reduces the release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that constricts blood vessels and increases heart rate [2]. By decreasing norepinephrine activity, clonidine causes blood vessels to relax and heart rate to slow, thereby lowering blood pressure [2].
What are the different forms of Clonidine available?
Clonidine is available in both oral tablet form and as a transdermal patch [4]. The tablets are typically taken multiple times a day, while the patch is applied to the skin and releases medication over a period of seven days [4].
What other conditions can Clonidine be used to treat?
Beyond hypertension, clonidine has been prescribed off-label for various other conditions. These include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and withdrawal symptoms from opioids and alcohol [1].
When does the patent for Clonidine expire?
Clonidine is an older medication, and its original patents have long expired [5]. This means that generic versions of clonidine have been available for many years.
Who manufactures generic Clonidine?
Multiple pharmaceutical companies manufacture generic versions of clonidine. These generics are typically bioequivalent to the brand-name formulations [5].
What are the potential side effects of Clonidine?
Common side effects of clonidine can include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, and constipation [1]. More serious side effects are possible, and patients should discuss these with their healthcare provider.
How should Clonidine be taken?
Clonidine should be taken exactly as prescribed by a doctor [1]. For tablets, this usually involves taking them at regular intervals throughout the day. The transdermal patch should be applied to clean, dry skin and replaced every seven days [4]. It is important not to stop clonidine suddenly, as this can cause a rebound increase in blood pressure [1].
What happens if I miss a dose of Clonidine?
If a dose of clonidine is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is close to the time for the next dose [1]. In that case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule should be resumed. Patients should consult their doctor or pharmacist for specific advice regarding missed doses.
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Sources:
[1] Clonidine - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
[2] Clonidine - DrugBank
[3] Clonidine Hydrochloride Tablets - DailyMed
[4] Clonidine Transdermal System - DailyMed
[5] DrugPatentWatch.com