Benzonatate is a non-narcotic cough suppressant that works by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the lungs and airways, which helps to reduce the cough reflex [1]. By numbing these receptors, benzonatate can provide relief from coughing [1]. It does not, however, act as a local anesthetic for the throat in the way that lozenges or sprays do for direct topical numbing [2]. Instead, its mechanism is focused on the respiratory tract's sensory nerves.
How does benzonatate work to suppress coughs?
Benzonatate functions by targeting the peripheral cough reflex. It acts as a topical anesthetic on the stretch receptors located in the respiratory tract, including the lungs, pleura, and mediastinum [1]. When these receptors are stimulated, they trigger the cough reflex. Benzonatate desensitizes these receptors, making them less responsive to stimuli that would otherwise cause coughing [1].
What is benzonatate used for?
Benzonatate is prescribed to relieve symptoms of coughing associated with various conditions, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and emphysema [1]. It is intended to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing fits.
Are there any safety concerns with benzonatate?
Benzonatate should not be chewed or dissolved in the mouth, as this can cause temporary local numbness of the oral mucosa, including the tongue and throat, potentially leading to choking or aspiration [3]. Ingestion of the capsules is the intended method of administration [3]. Side effects can include drowsiness, headache, and dizziness [1]. Accidental ingestion and overdose in children have led to serious adverse events, including seizures and cardiac arrest, underscoring the importance of keeping the medication out of reach of children [3].
How long does it take for benzonatate to start working?
The effects of benzonatate typically begin within 15 to 20 minutes after taking a dose [1].