Atorvastatin is a type of drug known as a statin, which is primarily used to lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. It works by inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the production of cholesterol in the liver.

When the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme is inhibited by atorvastatin, the liver is prompted to increase the number of LDL receptors on its surface [1]. These receptors are responsible for removing LDL from the bloodstream. As a result, more LDL is removed from the blood, leading to a decrease in overall LDL levels.

Additionally, atorvastatin has been shown to have other beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. It can reduce the production of triglycerides, another type of fat found in the blood, and increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol [2].

It is important to note that atorvastatin is a prescription medication and should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Common side effects of atorvastatin include headache, muscle and joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms [3].

In summary, atorvastatin works by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which leads to an increase in LDL receptors on liver cells and a subsequent decrease in LDL levels in the blood. It also has other beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.

Sources:

[1] "Atorvastatin." MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Feb. 2022, medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601243.html.

[2] "Atorvastatin." DrugPatentWatch, drugpatentwatch.com/drug/atorvastatin.

[3] "Atorvastatin (Oral Route) Side Effects." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1 Jan. 2021, mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/atorvastatin-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20065002?p=1.