Mannitol is available under several brand names and as a generic medication. Some common brand names for mannitol include:
* Osmitrol [1]
* Mannitol Intravenous Solution [1]
* Glycerol-Lactate-Mannitol [2]
Mannitol is also available generically.
Why is Mannitol Prescribed?
Mannitol is a hyperosmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure, and to promote urinary excretion of toxic substances. It works by drawing water out of cells, thereby reducing swelling and increasing urine output [1].
How Does Mannitol Work?
As a hyperosmotic agent, mannitol increases the osmolarity of the plasma. This draws water from the intracellular and interstitial spaces into the plasma and the extracellular fluid, leading to a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure and intracranial volume. It also increases blood flow to the brain, which can help reduce edema. In the kidneys, mannitol is filtered at the glomerulus but is poorly reabsorbed, leading to an osmotic diuresis that helps flush out certain toxins from the body [1].
What Are the Potential Side Effects of Mannitol?
Common side effects associated with mannitol use include fluid and electrolyte imbalances, headache, dizziness, and nausea. More serious side effects can involve allergic reactions, kidney problems, heart failure, and rebound intracranial hypertension [1].
How is Mannitol Administered?
Mannitol is administered intravenously as an infusion [1]. The dosage and rate of administration depend on the specific medical condition being treated and the patient's response [1].
Are There Any Alternatives to Mannitol?
Other treatments for reducing intracranial pressure include hypertonic saline and corticosteroids. For reducing intraocular pressure, alternative medications include beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogs. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition [1].