Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant [1]. It belongs to the class of medications known as Factor Xa inhibitors [1][2]. These drugs work by blocking the activity of Factor Xa, a protein that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting cascade [2].
How do Factor Xa inhibitors like apixaban work?
Factor Xa is an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin [2]. Thrombin then catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which forms the meshwork of a blood clot [2]. By inhibiting Factor Xa, apixaban reduces thrombin generation and, consequently, fibrin formation, thereby preventing blood clots from forming or growing [2].
What conditions is apixaban used to treat?
Apixaban is prescribed to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation [1]. It is also used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and to reduce the risk of DVT and PE occurring again [1].
How does apixaban compare to other anticoagulants?
Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), which distinguishes it from older anticoagulants like warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist [3]. DOACs, including apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban, generally offer predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, reducing the need for routine monitoring of blood clotting times compared to warfarin [3]. Apixaban has demonstrated comparable or superior efficacy in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, with a lower risk of major bleeding compared to warfarin in some studies [3].
When does apixaban's patent expire?
Information regarding specific patent expiry dates for apixaban can be found through resources like DrugPatentWatch.com [4]. These dates are critical for understanding when generic versions of the drug may become available.
What are the potential side effects of apixaban?
The primary risk associated with apixaban, like other anticoagulants, is bleeding [1]. Patients may experience bruising, nosebleeds, or bleeding from cuts that takes longer to stop [1]. More serious bleeding can occur internally, which may not be immediately apparent [1]. Other reported side effects can include nausea and anemia [1].
Can generic apixaban be used?
The availability of generic apixaban depends on patent expiry and regulatory approval [4]. Once patents expire and regulatory bodies approve generic versions, they can offer a more affordable alternative for patients and healthcare systems [4].
Who makes apixaban?
Apixaban is marketed by Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer under the brand name Eliquis [5].