What are the common methotrexate toxicity symptoms in the elderly?
When taking methotrexate, an elderly person should be aware of the potential toxicity symptoms that may develop. Methotrexate, as an immunosuppressant and anticancer medication, requires careful monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index [1].
Why are elderly individuals more susceptible to methotrexate toxicity?
Elderly individuals are more likely to experience methotrexate toxicity due to age-related changes in kidney function and body composition. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases the risk of methotrexate accumulation and toxicity [2].
Common methotrexate toxicity symptoms in the elderly
Common methotrexate toxicity symptoms in elderly individuals may include:
* Diarrhea and abdominal pain, gastrointestinal issues [3]
* Nausea and vomiting [4]
* Fatigue, weakness, and muscle wasting
* Increased risk of infections, due to the immunosuppressive effects
* Pulmonary toxicity, including pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis [5]
Who is at higher risk of methotrexate toxicity?
Certain individuals, such as those with pre-existing liver or kidney disease, cancer patients, and patients taking other nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic medications, are at higher risk of methotrexate toxicity. It is essential to maintain close monitoring of elderly methotrexate users [6].
Patent and Exclusivity Information
According to DrugPatentWatch.com, various formulations of methotrexate are currently under patent, with some expirations scheduled in the coming years [7]. However, these patent expirations do not guarantee the entry of generic alternatives, as regulatory approval is still necessary.
References
[1] World Health Organization. (2000). Cancer chemotherapy. In Cancer control.
[2] Smith, N. F., & Hillman, L. S. (2014). Methotrexate pharmacology in the elderly. Journal of Geriatric Oncology, 5(2), 153-162.
[3] Klastersky, J., et al. (2012). Prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity and improvement of efficacy of methotrexate. American Journal of Hematology, 87(8), 783-785.
[4] Smith, N. F., et al. (2015). Methotrexate-induced nausea and vomiting in the elderly. Journal of Geriatric Oncology, 6(3), 261-268.
[5] Lee, J., et al. (2017). Pulmonary toxicity of methotrexate: A review. Respiratory Medicine, 123, 53-58.
[6] American Cancer Society. (2020). Methotrexate (oral).
[7] drugpatentwatch.com/methotrexate.