Diclofenac what is it?

Diclofenac is a non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, swelling and fever.

| What it does | Typical uses | Common forms | Key points |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|------------|
| Blocks cyclo‑oxygenase (COX‑1 & COX‑2) enzymes → ↓ prostaglandin production | • Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
• Musculoskeletal injuries (sprains, strains)
• Menstrual cramps
• Post‑operative pain | • Oral tablets/capsules (e.g., 25 mg, 50 mg)
• Oral suspension
• Topical gel or patch
• Parenteral (IV or IM) for acute pain | • Reduces inflammation and pain but can irritate the stomach.
• Long‑term use increases risk of GI ulcers, bleeding, kidney problems, and cardiovascular events.
• Avoid in pregnancy (especially 3rd trimester) and in people with severe heart failure or kidney disease unless closely monitored. |

How it works
Diclofenac inhibits the COX enzymes that convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins—molecules that mediate pain and inflammation. By lowering prostaglandin levels, it eases pain and reduces swelling.

Common side‑effects
- Stomach upset, heartburn, or ulcers.
- Headache, dizziness.
- Rarely, rash, swelling, or liver enzyme changes.

Precautions
- Take with food or milk to protect the stomach.
- Don’t mix with alcohol or other NSAIDs unless advised.
- Monitor kidney function and blood pressure if used long‑term.

If you’re considering diclofenac, discuss it with a healthcare professional to make sure it’s safe for your specific situation.