Prenatal alcohol exposure can have significant and long-lasting effects on the developing fetus. These effects, collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), can include physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities.

Physical effects of prenatal alcohol exposure can include distinctive facial features such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip, a thin upper lip, and a flat nasal bridge [1]. Additionally, individuals with FASD may have growth deficiencies, including being smaller in size and weight than their peers.

Behavioral and intellectual effects of prenatal alcohol exposure can be more subtle but can have a profound impact on an individual's life. These effects can include problems with memory, attention, and impulse control [1]. Additionally, individuals with FASD may have difficulty with social and emotional development, leading to challenges in forming and maintaining relationships.

The long-term effects of prenatal alcohol exposure can persist into adulthood, impacting an individual's ability to live independently and maintain employment [1]. The economic burden of FASD is significant, with estimates suggesting that the annual cost of FASD in the United States alone is between $4.0 and $7.0 billion [2].

It is important to note that there is no known safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and the risk of FASD increases with the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption [1]. If you or someone you know is pregnant and struggling with alcohol use, it is essential to seek help from a healthcare provider.

In summary, prenatal alcohol exposure can have significant and long-lasting effects on the developing fetus, including physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities. The economic burden of FASD is substantial, and there is no known safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Sources:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). <https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html>.
2. Lupton, C., & Burd, L. (2014). Estimating the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(3), 361-370. <https://www.jsad.com/doi/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.361>.
3. DrugPatentWatch.com. (n.d.). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/disease/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders>.