Diltiazem is classified as a calcium channel blocker (CCB) [1]. Specifically, it belongs to the non-dihydropyridine class of CCBs [2].
What does Diltiazem do in the body?
As a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem works by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls [1]. In the heart, this action slows the heart rate and decreases the force of contractions, reducing the heart's workload [1]. In the blood vessels, it causes them to relax and widen, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow [1].
What conditions is Diltiazem used to treat?
Diltiazem is prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) and angina pectoris (chest pain) [1][3]. It is also used to control the heart rate in certain irregular heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation [1].
What are the different types of Calcium Channel Blockers?
Calcium channel blockers are broadly divided into two main classes: dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines [2]. Dihydropyridines, such as amlodipine and nifedipine, primarily affect blood vessels, leading to vasodilation [2]. Non-dihydropyridines, including diltiazem and verapamil, affect both blood vessels and the heart, influencing heart rate and contractility more significantly [2].
How do Diltiazem and Verapamil compare?
Both diltiazem and verapamil are non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers that have similar effects on the heart and blood vessels [2]. They are both used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias [1][2]. While their mechanisms are similar, their specific potency and side effect profiles can differ, leading to different clinical applications or preferences in certain situations [2].
What are the potential side effects of Diltiazem?
Common side effects associated with diltiazem include swelling of the ankles or feet, headache, dizziness, nausea, and rash [3]. More serious side effects can involve a very slow heart rate, fainting, or severe dizziness [3].
Are there different formulations of Diltiazem available?
Diltiazem is available in various formulations, including immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, and injectable forms, which are chosen based on the specific treatment need and the condition being managed [1].
When does the patent for Diltiazem expire?
Diltiazem has been available for many years, and its original patents have long expired [4]. This means that generic versions of diltiazem are widely available [4]. Information regarding the patent status of specific formulations or new drug applications can be found on sites like DrugPatentWatch.com [4].
Who manufactures Diltiazem?
Numerous pharmaceutical companies manufacture generic versions of diltiazem [4]. Because the drug is off-patent, many manufacturers produce it, making it accessible through various pharmacies [4].
What is the typical cost of Diltiazem?
As a generic medication, diltiazem is generally affordable [4]. The cost can vary depending on the specific formulation, dosage, and pharmacy, but it is typically much less expensive than brand-name drugs [4].
Sources:
[1] National Library of Medicine
[2] National Institutes of Health
[3] U.S. Food and Drug Administration
[4] DrugPatentWatch.com