Can aspirin cause stomach ulcers?
Yes. Aspirin can cause ulcers because it irritates the stomach lining and reduces protective prostaglandins that normally help guard the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1]. Damage can occur in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, leading to ulcers and, in some cases, bleeding.
How does aspirin increase ulcer risk?
Aspirin is a “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug” (NSAID). NSAIDs lower prostaglandins, which normally:
- Increase blood flow to the stomach lining
- Support mucus and bicarbonate that protect the lining
With less protection, stomach acid can injure the tissue, raising the risk of ulcer formation and GI bleeding [1].
What aspirin dose or type matters?
Ulcer risk rises with higher doses and with regular use. Even low-dose aspirin can increase risk, especially in people who already have factors that make ulcers more likely (see below) [1].
Different formulations (enteric-coated or buffered) may change how fast aspirin dissolves, but they generally do not eliminate the ulcer risk because the drug’s GI effects still occur [1].
Who is most likely to get an aspirin-related ulcer?
People at higher risk include those who:
- Have a history of ulcers or GI bleeding [1]
- Take other medicines that increase bleeding or irritation (such as other NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or anticoagulants) [1]
- Take aspirin plus alcohol regularly [1]
- Are older (risk increases with age) [1]
What symptoms suggest an ulcer from aspirin?
Common warning signs include:
- Burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen
- Indigestion or nausea
More serious signs include black/tarry stools, vomiting blood, weakness, or dizziness, which can indicate bleeding and need urgent medical care [1].
When should someone stop aspirin and get help?
If a person taking aspirin has symptoms of bleeding (black stools, vomiting blood) or severe/worsening abdominal pain, they should seek urgent care. Do not stop prescribed aspirin (for example, after a heart attack or stroke) without medical advice, because stopping can increase the risk of cardiovascular events [1].
Sources
- NHS – Aspirin and stomach problems (ulcers/bleeding risk)