Ranitidine is classified as an H2 blocker, a type of medication that reduces the amount of acid produced in the stomach [1]. It is used to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines and to treat conditions where the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [1].
Why was ranitidine recalled?
Ranitidine was recalled due to the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen [2]. Testing revealed that NDMA levels in some ranitidine products increased over time and varied under different storage conditions [2].
What are the alternatives to ranitidine?
Alternatives to ranitidine include other H2 blockers like famotidine and cimetidine, as well as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole [3]. These medications also work by reducing stomach acid, though through different mechanisms [3].
How do H2 blockers work?
H2 blockers, like ranitidine, work by blocking histamine H2 receptors in the stomach's parietal cells [1]. Histamine normally stimulates these cells to produce stomach acid. By blocking these receptors, H2 blockers decrease the production of stomach acid [1].