Does Licorice Root Raise Blood Pressure?
Licorice root contains glycyrrhizin, a compound that inhibits the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. This leads to reduced breakdown of cortisol, mimicking excess aldosterone and causing sodium retention, potassium loss, and fluid buildup. The result is elevated blood pressure, often within days of regular use.[1][2]
How Much Licorice Triggers Problems?
Consuming as little as 50-100 mg of glycyrrhizin daily—equivalent to 1.5-3.5 ounces (about 45-100 grams) of true licorice candy or 1-2 cups of licorice tea—can raise blood pressure in sensitive people. Effects are dose-dependent and more pronounced with chronic intake.[3][4]
Who Should Avoid It Completely?
People with hypertension face the highest risk, as licorice can worsen control and lead to hypertensive crises. It's also unsafe for those with heart disease, kidney issues, or low potassium levels. Pregnant individuals and children under 12 should steer clear due to additional risks like preterm birth or edema.[1][5]
What Happens If You Already Have High Blood Pressure?
Case reports show systolic blood pressure rising 10-20 mmHg or more, sometimes with headaches, swelling, or arrhythmias. Stopping licorice usually reverses effects within 1-2 weeks, but severe cases may need medical intervention like potassium supplements.[2][6]
Are There Safe Alternatives or Forms?
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) removes glycyrrhizin, making it safer for gut issues like ulcers without blood pressure effects. For flavor, use anise or fennel, which mimic taste minus the risks. Always check labels, as many "licorice" products are glycyrrhizin-free.[3][7]
What Do Health Agencies Say?
The FDA flags licorice with glycyrrhizin as unsafe in large amounts, especially for high-risk groups. The WHO sets a safe daily limit of 100 mg glycyrrhizin for adults (about 60 grams of candy). Europe's EFSA warns against daily use exceeding 100 mg.[4][8]
[1]: NIH - Licorice
[2]: NEJM - Licorice-Induced Hypertension
[3]: Mayo Clinic - Licorice
[4]: FDA - Licorice Root
[5]: EFSA - Glycyrrhizin
[6]: PubMed - Case Reports
[7]: WebMD - DGL Licorice
[8]: WHO - Herbal Monographs