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Ibritumomab tiuxetan is an anti-cancer antibody treatment that works by combining targeting plus radiation. It is made from a monoclonal antibody linked to a radioactive payload, so it can home in on a specific marker on cancer cells and then deliver cytotoxic radiation directly to them.
The antibody portion of ibritumomab tiuxetan is designed to bind to CD20, a protein found on the surface of many B-cell malignancies. When the antibody attaches to CD20-positive cells, the drug stays associated with those cells long enough for the attached radioisotope to exert its effect.
Once bound to CD20, the radioactive isotope emits radiation that damages the targeted cells and surrounding tumor tissue. This radiation-induced damage leads to cell death, which is the core anti-tumor effect of the therapy. Because the radiation is delivered through the antibody’s binding to CD20, the intent is to concentrate the radiation effect where CD20-expressing cells are located rather than distributing it broadly through the body.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan binds CD20 on B-cell cancers and delivers radiation payloads to those cells, causing lethal DNA and cellular damage from the emitted radiation.