Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is an antihistamine medication that can be used to treat symptoms associated with allergic conditions such as hives and eczema. It functions by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms [1]. Beyond its antihistamine properties, hydroxyzine hydrochloride also has anti-anxiety and anti-nausea effects [2]. It is available by prescription [3].
How does hydroxyzine hydrochloride work?
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride belongs to a class of drugs known as first-generation antihistamines. It works by inhibiting the activity of histamine H1 receptors. Histamine is a chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and redness. By blocking these receptors, hydroxyzine hydrochloride prevents histamine from binding and initiating its effects, thereby alleviating allergic symptoms [1]. Additionally, it affects certain areas of the central nervous system to reduce anxiety and nausea [2].
What conditions is hydroxyzine hydrochloride prescribed for?
This medication is primarily prescribed to manage the symptoms of allergic reactions, including itching, hives, and swelling [1]. It is also frequently used to treat anxiety and tension, and as a pre-operative sedative to reduce anxiety before surgical procedures [2]. Furthermore, it can be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting [2].
Are there different forms of hydroxyzine?
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is available in several dosage forms, including oral tablets, capsules, and an oral suspension. It is also available as an injectable solution for intramuscular use [3].
What are the potential side effects of hydroxyzine hydrochloride?
Common side effects associated with hydroxyzine hydrochloride can include drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness [4]. Less common side effects may involve blurred vision, confusion, and constipation [4]. Patients are advised to avoid activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until they understand how the medication affects them [4].
When does the patent for hydroxyzine hydrochloride expire?
As hydroxyzine hydrochloride has been available for many decades, its original patents have long since expired. This means that generic versions of the medication have been available for a considerable time [5]. DrugPatentWatch.com tracks patent expirations for pharmaceutical products, providing detailed information on patent status and exclusivity periods [6].
How does hydroxyzine hydrochloride compare to other antihistamines?
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine, which means it can cause drowsiness. Newer, second-generation antihistamines, such as loratadine or cetirizine, are generally considered less sedating and may be preferred for daytime use when drowsiness is a concern [1][7]. However, the sedating effect of hydroxyzine can be beneficial when treating anxiety or promoting sleep [2].
Sources
1. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/hydrochloride-tablets.html
2. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-573/hydroxyzine-oral/details
3. https://www.goodrx.com/hydrochloride
4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/hydroxyzine-oral-route-intramuscular-route/side-effects/drg-20067790
5. https://www.rxlist.com/hydroxyzine-drug.htm
6. https://drugpatentwatch.com/
7. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/hydroxyzine/