Yes, heavy alcohol use can cause birth defects. This condition is known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) and it can cause intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, and facial abnormalities in children exposed to alcohol before birth [1]. The severity of these disorders can vary depending on the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption, as well as the timing and duration of exposure [1].

It is important to note that there is no safe amount of alcohol that has been proven to be completely risk-free during pregnancy [1]. Even moderate drinking can increase the risk of FASDs [1]. Therefore, it is recommended that women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should avoid alcohol consumption altogether [1].

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that FASDs are completely preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol during pregnancy [1]. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) also recommends that women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not drink alcohol [2].

In summary, heavy alcohol use can cause birth defects known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). These disorders can cause intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, and facial abnormalities in children exposed to alcohol before birth. There is no safe amount of alcohol that has been proven to be completely risk-free during pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended that women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should avoid alcohol consumption altogether.

Sources:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). <https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html>
2. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Lactation. <https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/5/e1390>
3. DrugPatentWatch.com. (2022). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/disease/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders>