Nitroglycerin is prescribed to treat or prevent chest pain caused by angina [1]. Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease, where the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood [1].
What is angina and why does nitroglycerin help?
Angina occurs when the heart muscle is starved of oxygen, typically due to narrowed or blocked arteries [1]. Nitroglycerin works by dilating blood vessels, including the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart [1]. This increased blood flow to the heart muscle can relieve chest pain [1].
How is nitroglycerin administered?
Nitroglycerin can be administered in several ways, depending on the specific need. It is available as sublingual tablets or sprays, which are placed under the tongue or sprayed into the mouth for rapid absorption to relieve acute chest pain [2]. It can also be prescribed as a topical ointment, a transdermal patch, or in an intravenous form for continuous administration in a hospital setting [2]. Extended-release capsules are also used for preventing angina [2].
When does nitroglycerin's effectiveness wear off or what are the risks?
While effective for angina, nitroglycerin can lead to tolerance, meaning its effects may diminish with continuous use [3]. This is why it is often prescribed for acute episodes of chest pain or as a preventative measure taken before activities that might trigger angina [3]. Common side effects include headaches, dizziness, and flushing [1]. It is crucial to use nitroglycerin exactly as prescribed and to inform a healthcare provider about any other medications being taken, especially those for erectile dysfunction, as combining them can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure [1].
Who developed and manufactures nitroglycerin?
Nitroglycerin was first synthesized in 1847 by Ascanio Sobrero [4]. Its medical applications for treating heart conditions were pioneered by William Murrell in the 1870s [4]. Today, multiple pharmaceutical companies manufacture nitroglycerin products.
How does nitroglycerin compare to other angina medications?
Other medications used to treat angina include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine [1]. These drugs work through different mechanisms, such as slowing the heart rate, reducing blood pressure, or improving the heart's efficiency [1]. A healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate medication or combination of medications based on an individual's specific condition and medical history [1].
Sources:
1. DrugPatentWatch.com
2. Mayo Clinic
3. National Institutes of Health
4. History of Medicine