Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It’s used to relieve pain and inflammation in conditions like arthritis, acute injuries, dental pain, and menstrual cramps. It comes in several forms, including:
- Oral tablets/capsules (diclofenac sodium or diclofenac potassium)
- Topical preparations (gel, cream, or patches) applied to the skin
- Sometimes injectable forms in a clinical setting
Key points
- How it works: It blocks certain enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) to reduce prostaglandins that drive pain and swelling.
- Common side effects: stomach upset, heartburn, nausea. More serious but less common are ulcers or bleeding in the stomach/intestines, kidney problems, high blood pressure, and heart-related risks with long-term use.
- Who should avoid or use with caution: people with active or recent GI ulcers/bleeding, severe kidney or liver disease, certain heart conditions, or those in late pregnancy. Those taking blood thinners, steroids, or certain antidepressants should use with caution because of bleeding or interaction risks.
- Dosing and use: Dosing depends on the product form. The total daily dose for many oral diclofenac products is commonly limited (often up to around 150 mg per day, in divided doses). Topical diclofenac is applied to the affected area as directed on the label. Do not exceed recommended amounts, and avoid applying to broken skin or using with other NSAIDs unless advised by a clinician.
- Interactions: NSAIDs can interfere with kidney function when taken with certain blood pressure medicines, diuretics, or ACE inhibitors; they can increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants or certain antidepressants; and can interact with methotrexate, among others.
If you tell me:
- Which form you’re thinking of (oral or topical)
- What condition you’re treating
- Any medical conditions or other medicines you’re taking
I can tailor the info (typical dosing range, warnings, and what to watch for). If you’re considering taking diclofenac, please consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice, especially if you have kidney, liver, or heart concerns, or if you’re pregnant.