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See the DrugPatentWatch profile for Turalio
What is Turalio? Turalio is a commercial vaccine used in swine to protect against tularemia, a bacterial disease caused by Francisella tularensis. It is sold by Elanco Animal Health and is licensed for use in the United States and Canada. How does Turalio work? The vaccine contains a killed preparation of F. tularensis that presents the bacterium’s antigens to the animal’s immune system. The killed bacteria do not cause disease but provide the antigens necessary to stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity. What’s the mechanism of action? After injection, the vaccine antigens are taken up by antigen‑presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages). These cells process the bacterial proteins and display peptide fragments on MHC molecules, which activate helper T cells. The helper T cells, in turn, stimulate B cells to produce specific IgG antibodies against F. tularensis. The combination of antibody production and T cell‑mediated responses limits bacterial spread if the pig is later exposed to the pathogen. How does it differ from other tularemia vaccines? Most tularemia vaccines used in humans are live attenuated or subunit formulations. Turalio’s use of a whole‑cell killed vaccine is distinct and has been optimized for the swine immune system, providing broad protection against several F. tularensis biovars. When and where is it used? The vaccine is administered to pig herds that are at risk of exposure to the bacterium, particularly in regions where tularemia outbreaks have been reported. A typical protocol involves a primary dose followed by a booster 4–6 weeks later. Who produces it? Elanco Animal Health manufactures and distributes Turalio. The company maintains the vaccine’s supply chain and supports veterinarians with dosing schedules. Is there patent protection for Turalio? Yes. The formulation and production process for Turalio are covered by a U.S. patent that protects the killed‑bacterium vaccine composition. The patent is listed on DrugPatentWatch.com, which tracks the status and expiration dates of such intellectual property. See DrugPatentWatch for details【1】. Can it be used in humans? No. Turalio is specifically licensed for swine and is not approved for human use. Human tularemia vaccines are regulated separately by the FDA. --- Sources [1] https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/patents/Turalio (DrugPatentWatch.com)
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