Yes, chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used to treat cryptorchidism, the condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.
How hCG treats cryptorchidism
hCG mimics luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulating Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This promotes testicular descent in boys, typically those under 2 years old with unilateral or bilateral undescended testes. Treatment involves intramuscular injections, often 1,000–5,000 IU two to three times weekly for 4–6 weeks. Success rates range from 20–60%, higher in cases with testes near the scrotum.[1][2]
When is it recommended?
Guidelines from the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology endorse hCG as a first-line medical option before surgery (orchiopexy), especially for low-risk cases without anatomical issues like hernia. It's less effective after age 1–2, when spontaneous descent odds drop.[3]
What if hCG fails?
About 40–80% of cases require surgery regardless. hCG can identify mobile testes pre-surgery but doesn't prevent future fertility risks or testicular cancer if untreated.[1][4]
Side effects and risks
Common effects include temporary scrotal redness, penile enlargement, or pubic hair growth from androgen stimulation. Rare risks: precocious puberty or aggressive behavior. Monitoring includes baseline testicular position and hormone levels.[2]
Alternatives to hCG