Yes, chorionic gonadotropin—specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)—is used to treat infertility in both women and men.
How hCG helps women conceive
Doctors inject hCG to trigger ovulation in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF). It mimics the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that causes egg release from the ovaries, often after follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation. This is standard in protocols for conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or unexplained infertility.[1][2]
How hCG treats male infertility
In men, hCG stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, which supports sperm production (spermatogenesis). It's prescribed for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, where low gonadotropin levels cause low sperm counts or poor sperm quality. Often combined with FSH or human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).[1][3]
Common brand names and administration
U.S. brands include Novarel, Pregnyl, and Ovidrel (recombinant hCG). Doses are given via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, typically 5,000–10,000 IU for ovulation induction or 1,000–2,000 IU 2–3 times weekly for men.[2][4]
What are the main side effects?
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)—fluid buildup and abdominal pain—affects up to 10% of IVF patients using hCG. Other risks include multiple pregnancies, injection-site reactions, and headaches. Men may experience gynecomastia or acne from elevated testosterone.[1][5]
When does treatment start working?
Ovulation occurs 36–40 hours after an hCG trigger shot. For men, sperm improvements appear in 3–6 months with consistent use.[2][3]
Alternatives if hCG doesn't work
Recombinant LH (Luveris) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can trigger ovulation. Clomiphene or letrozole stimulate natural hormone release without injections. For men, testosterone replacement is sometimes used but suppresses sperm production, unlike hCG.[1][4]
Sources
[1]: FDA Label for Pregnyl
[2]: ASRM Practice Committee Guidelines on Ovulation Induction
[3]: Endocrine Society Guidelines on Hypogonadism
[4]: Drugs.com - hCG Uses
[5]: Mayo Clinic - hCG Side Effects