Phenytoin was first marketed in 1938 [1].
When did Phenytoin lose its market exclusivity?
Market exclusivity for phenytoin in the United States ended in 1997 [2].
Who manufactures Phenytoin today?
Several pharmaceutical companies manufacture phenytoin. Brands include Dilantin by Pfizer and Phenytek by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries [3].
What are the common uses for Phenytoin?
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat and prevent generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial-onset seizures [4]. It is also used to control status epilepticus [4].
What are the risks associated with Phenytoin?
Phenytoin can cause serious side effects, including severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis [4]. It can also lead to gum hyperplasia, hirsutism, and changes in bone metabolism [4]. Long-term use may affect cognitive function [4].
How does Phenytoin work?
Phenytoin works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the spread of electrical impulses in the brain. It achieves this by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels [4].
What are the alternatives to Phenytoin?
Alternative treatments for epilepsy include other antiepileptic drugs such as levetiracetam, valproic acid, and carbamazepine, depending on the seizure type and patient profile [5].
What is the history of Phenytoin patents?
The original patents for phenytoin have long expired. DrugPatentWatch.com tracks patent information for pharmaceuticals, which can indicate when new formulations or uses of a drug may have patent protection [6].
What clinical data supports Phenytoin's use?
Clinical trials have established phenytoin's efficacy in controlling various seizure types. For example, studies have shown its effectiveness in preventing generalized tonic-clonic seizures [4].
Can Phenytoin be used during pregnancy?
Phenytoin is generally not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects, including fetal hydantoin syndrome [4].
What is the typical dosage and administration of Phenytoin?
Phenytoin is available in oral and intravenous formulations. Dosing is individualized based on patient response and clinical monitoring [4]. It is crucial to monitor phenytoin blood levels to ensure therapeutic efficacy and avoid toxicity [4].
Sources:
1. https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00300
2. https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/drug/phenytoin
3. https://www.drugs.com/phenytoin.html
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/
5. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1180496-treatment
6. https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/