What body parts can aspirin affect negatively?

Risk of Stomach Bleeding with Aspirin Use

Aspirin can have negative effects on various body parts, particularly the stomach and digestive system. One of the most significant risks is the development of stomach ulcers and stomach bleeding. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin are associated with an increased risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding, especially in older adults (1) [1].

Impact on Kidneys and Liver

Long-term aspirin use can also affect kidney function, potentially increasing the risk of kidney disease (2). Additionally, aspirin can cause or worsen liver damage in some individuals, particularly those with pre-existing liver conditions (3).

Effects on Platelet Function and Blood Thinners

Aspirin works by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding complications. It can also interact with blood thinners, such as warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding (4). Patients taking aspirin with other medications or with a history of bleeding disorders should be monitored closely.

Concerns for Patients with Asthma and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Aspirin can also trigger or worsen asthma symptoms in some individuals, particularly those with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (5). Furthermore, aspirin can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to worsened GERD symptoms in some patients (6).

Precautions for Pregnant Women

Aspirin should be used with caution in pregnant women, as it can increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight (7).

Sources:

[1] JAMA. 2018;320(1):44-52.
[2] Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158(9):630-638.
[3] European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2015;71(9):1147-1154.
[4] Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2017;92(10):1642-1652.
[5] Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2018;142(3):744-754.
[6] American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;109(11):1736-1744.
[7] European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2019;75(12):1631-1639.