Mannitol is a sugar alcohol, also known as a carbohydrate, that is used as a sweetener and as a medication [1]. It is derived from fructose and is about 50-60% as sweet as sucrose [2].
How is mannitol used as a medication?
Mannitol's primary medical uses stem from its osmotic properties. It is administered intravenously as an osmotic diuretic to reduce intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure, and acute renal failure [3]. By drawing water out of cells and tissues, it can help decrease swelling in the brain or eye [4]. It is also used to help a patient pass a urinary catheter or to determine the rate of urine flow [5].
What are the side effects of mannitol?
When used as a medication, common side effects of mannitol can include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and electrolyte imbalances [6]. Allergic reactions are also possible [7].
What is the difference between mannitol and sorbitol?
Both mannitol and sorbitol are sugar alcohols derived from sugars, but they have different chemical structures and properties [8]. Mannitol is derived from fructose, while sorbitol is derived from glucose [2][8]. They are both used as sugar substitutes and in medical applications, but their specific uses and effects can differ [9]. For instance, sorbitol is often used as a humectant and laxative [10].
Where does mannitol come from?
Mannitol is naturally found in various plants, such as mushrooms, onions, and carrots [11]. Industrially, it is produced by the hydrogenation of fructose [2].