What type of drug is mannitol?

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic [1]. It is a sugar alcohol derived from fructose [2].

How do osmotic diuretics work?

Osmotic diuretics, like mannitol, work by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys. This draws water from the interstitial fluid into the renal tubules, increasing urine volume and promoting the excretion of sodium and chloride [1]. They are administered intravenously [3].

What conditions is mannitol used to treat?

Mannitol is primarily used to reduce intracranial pressure and brain swelling in conditions such as head injuries or brain tumors [4][5]. It is also used to treat increased intraocular pressure in acute glaucoma and to promote diuresis in cases of acute renal failure [6][7].

When does mannitol patent exclusivity expire?

The patent exclusivity for mannitol has long since expired as it is an old drug [8]. However, specific formulations or delivery methods of mannitol may have their own patents [8]. Information on specific patents can be found on DrugPatentWatch.com [8].